Pre-Operative Depression and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery
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Published:
Jun 1, 2022
Keywords:
anxiety, coronary artery disease, depression, heart disease, open-hear t surgery
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cardiac disease and mental health are two related disorders and often co-exist together. As one of the interventions to manage patients with cardiac diseases, the heart surgical procedure also correlated with depression and anxiety which will interfere with the prognosis. This study aimed to know the incidence of depression and anxiety in patients before undergoing open-heart surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) Bandung.
Methods: This study was a case series using primary data from patients and secondary data from medical records. Subjects were adult patients who will undergo open-heart surgery at RSHS Bandung. Data collection was started from November to December 2019. Variables assessed were depression and anxiety. Demographic profiles (age, gender, occupation, education, and marital status), as well as medical profiles (underlying disease, comorbidity, and type of surgical procedure), were also obtained.
Results: Seven subjects will undergo open-heart surgery during the study period. One subject was excluded for returning an incomplete questionnaire. Subjects’ age was ranged from 28–58 years with a 1:1 male to female ratio. Subjects were dominated by those who will undergo mitral valve replacement(4 of 6). No subject had depression and anxiety in this study.
Discussion: In this study, no incidence of depression and anxiety were found among subjects. The possible explanation for this result was the dominant underlying disease of valvular heart disease which was known to have a lower incidence of psychological disorders compared to coronary artery disease.
Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were not found among the subjects of th is study.Keywords: anxiety, coronary artery disease, depression, heart disease, open-hear t surgery
Introduction: Cardiac disease and mental health are two related disorders and often co-exist together. As one of the interventions to manage patients with cardiac diseases, the heart surgical procedure also correlated with depression and anxiety which will interfere with the prognosis. This study aimed to know the incidence of depression and anxiety in patients before undergoing open-heart surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) Bandung.
Methods: This study was a case series using primary data from patients and secondary data from medical records. Subjects were adult patients who will undergo open-heart surgery at RSHS Bandung. Data collection was started from November to December 2019. Variables assessed were depression and anxiety. Demographic profiles (age, gender, occupation, education, and marital status), as well as medical profiles (underlying disease, comorbidity, and type of surgical procedure), were also obtained.
Results: Seven subjects will undergo open-heart surgery during the study period. One subject was excluded for returning an incomplete questionnaire. Subjects’ age was ranged from 28–58 years with a 1:1 male to female ratio. Subjects were dominated by those who will undergo mitral valve replacement(4 of 6). No subject had depression and anxiety in this study.
Discussion: In this study, no incidence of depression and anxiety were found among subjects. The possible explanation for this result was the dominant underlying disease of valvular heart disease which was known to have a lower incidence of psychological disorders compared to coronary artery disease.
Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were not found among the subjects of th is study.Keywords: anxiety, coronary artery disease, depression, heart disease, open-hear t surgery
Article Details
How to Cite
Arnengsih Nazir, Lynna Lidyana, Faresha Nadia Amanda, & M. Maulana Efry. (2022). Pre-Operative Depression and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery. Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11(01), 24 - 32. https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v11i01.325
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Original Article
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References
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impact of cardiac rehabilitation program on anxiety and depression levels after
coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cor et Vasa 2016; 58(4): e384-e90.
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11. Zung WW. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 12(1): 63-70.
12. Navarro-GarcÃa MA, MarÃn-Fernández B, de Carlos-Alegre V, MartÃnez-Oroz A, Martorell-Gurucharri A, Ordoñez-Ortigosa E, et al. Preoperative mood disorders in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: risk factors and postoperative morbidity in the intensive care unit. Rev Esp Cardiol 2011; 64(11): 1005-10.
13. Younes O, Amer R, Fawzy H, Shama G. Psychiatric disturbances in patients
undergoing open-heart surgery. MECP 2019; 26(1): 1-7.
14. Vingerhoets G. Perioperative anxiety and depression in open-heart surgery.
Psychosomatics 1998; 39(1): 30-7.
15. Rodrigues HF, Furuya RK, Dantas RAS, Dessotte CAM. Anxiety and depression in cardiac surgery: sex and age range differences. Escola Anna Nery 2016; 20(3): e20160072.
16. Modica M, Castiglioni P, Minotti A, Faini A, Racca V, Ferratini M. Psychological profile in coronary artery by-pass graft patients vs.
valve replacement patients entering cardiac rehabilitation after surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1): 1-7.
17. Botzet K, Dalyanoglu H, Schäfer R, Lichtenberg A, Schipke JD, Korbmacher B, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: A prospective clinical study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 66(07): 530-6.
18. Tully PJ. Psychological depression and cardiac surgery: a comprehensive review. J Extra Corpor Technol 2012; 44(4): 224.
2. Tim Riskesdas 2018. Laporan nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga
Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (LPB); 2019.
3. Chaddha A, Robinson EA, Kline-Rogers E, Alexandris-Souphis T, Rubenfire M. Mental health and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2016; 129(11): 1145-8.
4. Małyszczak K, Rymaszewska J. Depression and anxiety in cardiovascular disease. Kardiol Pol 2016; 74(7): 603-9.
5. Sowden GL, Huffman JC. The impact of mental illness on cardiac outcomes: A review for the cardiologist. Int J Cardiol 2009; 132(1): 30-7.
6. Okamoto Y, Motomura N. Anxiety and depression in cardiovascular surgery 2017; Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/53855.
7. Chaudhury S, Saini R, Bakhla AK, Singh J. Depression and anxiety following coronary artery bypass graft: current Indian scenario. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016: 2345184.
8. McGrady A, McGinnis R, Badenhop D, Bentle M, Rajput M. Effects of depression and anxiety on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2009; 29(6): 358-64.
9. Pourafkari L, Ghaffari S, Tajlil A, Shahamfar J, Hedayati S, Nader ND. The
impact of cardiac rehabilitation program on anxiety and depression levels after
coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cor et Vasa 2016; 58(4): e384-e90.
10. Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics 1971; 1(12): 371-9.
11. Zung WW. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 12(1): 63-70.
12. Navarro-GarcÃa MA, MarÃn-Fernández B, de Carlos-Alegre V, MartÃnez-Oroz A, Martorell-Gurucharri A, Ordoñez-Ortigosa E, et al. Preoperative mood disorders in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: risk factors and postoperative morbidity in the intensive care unit. Rev Esp Cardiol 2011; 64(11): 1005-10.
13. Younes O, Amer R, Fawzy H, Shama G. Psychiatric disturbances in patients
undergoing open-heart surgery. MECP 2019; 26(1): 1-7.
14. Vingerhoets G. Perioperative anxiety and depression in open-heart surgery.
Psychosomatics 1998; 39(1): 30-7.
15. Rodrigues HF, Furuya RK, Dantas RAS, Dessotte CAM. Anxiety and depression in cardiac surgery: sex and age range differences. Escola Anna Nery 2016; 20(3): e20160072.
16. Modica M, Castiglioni P, Minotti A, Faini A, Racca V, Ferratini M. Psychological profile in coronary artery by-pass graft patients vs.
valve replacement patients entering cardiac rehabilitation after surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1): 1-7.
17. Botzet K, Dalyanoglu H, Schäfer R, Lichtenberg A, Schipke JD, Korbmacher B, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: A prospective clinical study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 66(07): 530-6.
18. Tully PJ. Psychological depression and cardiac surgery: a comprehensive review. J Extra Corpor Technol 2012; 44(4): 224.