The Effect of Additional of Aerobic Exercise to Functional Therapy on Resting Heart Rate in Patients with Chronic Phase Post Stroke
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Published:
Jun 28, 2023
Keywords:
Aerobic exercise, terapi fungsional
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise has a direct effect on resting heart rate, both acute and chronic effects. One of the chronic effects decrease resting heart rate which is beneficial for heart health. The objective of this study was to prove the effect of adding aerobic exercise to functional therapy on resting heart in post-stroke patients with chronic phase.
Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial with pre and post-test control group design. The treatment group (n = 10) received additional aerobic exercise and the control group only received functional therapy (n = 10). Assessment of resting heart rate measurements was carried out before and after exercise.
Results: There was a significant difference (p=<0.001) in the mean resting heart rate in the treatment group before intervention 89.00 ± 9.13 and after intervention 76.10 ± 10.16. There was a significant difference (p=0.017) in the mean resting heart rate in the control group before intervention 88.60 ± 7.75 and after intervention 84.40 ± 6.98. There was a significant difference in the resting heart rate delta value between the treatment group (-12.90 ± 6.56) compared to the control group (-4.20 ± 4.37).
Discussion: The value of resting heart rate pre and post-test in the treatment group showed a more significant difference than the control group. Aerobic exercise can inhibit the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increase the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system due to the effects of cardiovascular adaptation
Conclusion: The intervention of adding aerobic exercise can reduce resting heart rate in post-stroke patients with chronic phase.
Keywords: Aerobic exercise, functional therapy
Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial with pre and post-test control group design. The treatment group (n = 10) received additional aerobic exercise and the control group only received functional therapy (n = 10). Assessment of resting heart rate measurements was carried out before and after exercise.
Results: There was a significant difference (p=<0.001) in the mean resting heart rate in the treatment group before intervention 89.00 ± 9.13 and after intervention 76.10 ± 10.16. There was a significant difference (p=0.017) in the mean resting heart rate in the control group before intervention 88.60 ± 7.75 and after intervention 84.40 ± 6.98. There was a significant difference in the resting heart rate delta value between the treatment group (-12.90 ± 6.56) compared to the control group (-4.20 ± 4.37).
Discussion: The value of resting heart rate pre and post-test in the treatment group showed a more significant difference than the control group. Aerobic exercise can inhibit the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increase the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system due to the effects of cardiovascular adaptation
Conclusion: The intervention of adding aerobic exercise can reduce resting heart rate in post-stroke patients with chronic phase.
Keywords: Aerobic exercise, functional therapy
Article Details
How to Cite
Yunus, F. T., Hari Peni Julianti, & Erna Setiawati. (2023). The Effect of Additional of Aerobic Exercise to Functional Therapy on Resting Heart Rate in Patients with Chronic Phase Post Stroke. Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 12(01), 43 - 51. https://doi.org/10.36803/indojpmr.v12i01.336
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Original Article
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Soc India. 2002;50(1).
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Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 jul 19];28(6):1764. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC4932052/
15. Rahnama N, Nouri R, Rahmaninia F, Damirchi A, Emami H. The effects of
exercise training on maximum aerobic capacity, resting heart rate, blood
pressure and anthropometric variables of postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2022 Jul 19];15(2):78. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC3082798/
16. Palatini P, Julius S. Elevated heart rate: a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Clin Exp Hypertens [Internet]. 2004 Oct [cited 2022 Jul 19];26(7–8):637–44.
Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/15702618/
17. Carter JB, Banister EW, Blaber AP. Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of
heart rate. Sports Med [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Jul 19];33(1):33–46. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477376/
18. Hu L, Huang X, Zhou W, You C, Liang Q, Zhou D, et al. Associations between
resting heart rate, hypertension, and stroke: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2019 May 1 [cited 2022 Oct 7];21(5):589–97. Available
from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ full/10.1111/jch.13529
19. Reimers AK, Knapp G, Reimers CD. Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart
Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Interventional Studies. J Clin
Med [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Jul 19];7(12). Available from: /pmc/articles/
PMC6306777/
20. Bahrainy S, Levy WC, Busey JM, Caldwell JH, Stratton JR. Exercise training
bradycardia is largely explained by reduced intrinsic heart rate. Int J Cardiol [Internet].
2016 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Jul 19];222:213–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/27497097/
21. Tyagi A, Cohen M. Yoga and heart rate variability: A comprehensive review of the
literature. Int J Yoga [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jul 19];9(2):97. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC4959333/
2022 Jul 19]. Available from: http:// www.emro.who.int/health-topics/strokecerebrovascular-
accident/index.html
2. FM I, RF M. Prevention of deconditioning after stroke. In: Stroke Recovery and
Rehabilitation. Second Edi. New York: Springer; 2014.
3. Fox K, Borer JS, Camm AJ, Danchin N, Ferrari R, Lopez Sendon JL, et al. Resting
heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2007 Aug 28 [cited
2022 Jul 19];50(9):823–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17719466/
4. Oda E, Aizawa Y. Resting heart rate predicts metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy
non-obese Japanese men. Acta Diabetol [Internet]. 2014 Feb [cited 2022 Jul
19];51(1):85–90. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23838790/
5. Verrier RL, Tan A. Heart Rate, Autonomic Markers, and Cardiac Mortality. Heart
Rhythm [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Jul 19];6(11 Suppl):S68. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC2776094/
6. Perski A, Hamsten A, Lindvall K, Theorell T. Heart rate correlates with
severity of coronary atherosclerosis in young postinfarction patients. Am Heart J
[Internet]. 1988 [cited 2022 Jul 19];116(5 Pt 1):1369–73. Available from: https://pubmed.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3189156/
7. S C, RD Z, E B. Stroke. In: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review.
New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 2015. p. 1–52
8. Foss ML, Keteyian SJ, Fox EL. Fox’s Physiological Basis for Exercise and Sport.
6th editio. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
9. Kokkinos P. Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise, and blood pressure. Hypertens
(Dallas, Tex 1979) [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Jul 19];64(6):1160–4. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25245388/
10. WF G. Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2015.
11. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human
Performance. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
12. Gielen S, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Exercise training in coronary artery disease and coronary
vasomotion. Circulation [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2022 Jul 19];103(1). Available from: https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11136704/
13. Nair KPS, Taly A. Stroke rehabilitation: Traditional and modern approaches. Neurol
Soc India. 2002;50(1).
14. Kang SJ, Kim EH, Ko KJ. Effects of aerobic exercise on the resting heart rate,
physical fitness, andarterial stiffness of female patients with metabolic syndrome. J
Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 jul 19];28(6):1764. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC4932052/
15. Rahnama N, Nouri R, Rahmaninia F, Damirchi A, Emami H. The effects of
exercise training on maximum aerobic capacity, resting heart rate, blood
pressure and anthropometric variables of postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2022 Jul 19];15(2):78. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC3082798/
16. Palatini P, Julius S. Elevated heart rate: a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Clin Exp Hypertens [Internet]. 2004 Oct [cited 2022 Jul 19];26(7–8):637–44.
Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/15702618/
17. Carter JB, Banister EW, Blaber AP. Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of
heart rate. Sports Med [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Jul 19];33(1):33–46. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477376/
18. Hu L, Huang X, Zhou W, You C, Liang Q, Zhou D, et al. Associations between
resting heart rate, hypertension, and stroke: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2019 May 1 [cited 2022 Oct 7];21(5):589–97. Available
from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ full/10.1111/jch.13529
19. Reimers AK, Knapp G, Reimers CD. Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart
Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Interventional Studies. J Clin
Med [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Jul 19];7(12). Available from: /pmc/articles/
PMC6306777/
20. Bahrainy S, Levy WC, Busey JM, Caldwell JH, Stratton JR. Exercise training
bradycardia is largely explained by reduced intrinsic heart rate. Int J Cardiol [Internet].
2016 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Jul 19];222:213–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/27497097/
21. Tyagi A, Cohen M. Yoga and heart rate variability: A comprehensive review of the
literature. Int J Yoga [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jul 19];9(2):97. Available from: /pmc/
articles/PMC4959333/