Effect of Qigong Exercise on Balance in Healthy Elderly
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Published:
Jun 28, 2023
Keywords:
functional balance, Berg Balance Scale, Qigong exercise, elderly exercise
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The elderly experience various decline in life and cause a decrease in body's functional balance. Thus will affect the quality of life. Balance can be measured using various assessment instruments, one of them is the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Qigong exercise is not widely known or well known among the elderly in Indonesia, in fact it has many benefits and is suitable for them. This study wanted to prove the effect of Qigong exercise on improving functional balance in elderly.
Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial with pre and post test controlled group design. The sampling method is using consecutive sampling method. The sample was 20 people and divided into intervention group (n=10 people) and control group (n=10 people). Participants in the intervention group performed Qigong exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group received common elderly exercise 3 times a week. Balance was measured before and after the intervention using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).
Results: There was an increase in BBS scores before and after treatment in the elderly exercise group (p=0.003), and in the Qigong group (p=0.004). The Berg Balance Scale value in the control group (44.30±0.68) was higher than the Qigong group (44.18±0.60) at the beginning of the study but the difference was not significant (p=0.632). The Berg Balance Scale value in the control group (46.60±0.84) was lower than the Qigong group (48.45±1.13) at the end of the study and the difference was significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Qigong exercise improves balance better than the elderly exercise.
Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial with pre and post test controlled group design. The sampling method is using consecutive sampling method. The sample was 20 people and divided into intervention group (n=10 people) and control group (n=10 people). Participants in the intervention group performed Qigong exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group received common elderly exercise 3 times a week. Balance was measured before and after the intervention using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).
Results: There was an increase in BBS scores before and after treatment in the elderly exercise group (p=0.003), and in the Qigong group (p=0.004). The Berg Balance Scale value in the control group (44.30±0.68) was higher than the Qigong group (44.18±0.60) at the beginning of the study but the difference was not significant (p=0.632). The Berg Balance Scale value in the control group (46.60±0.84) was lower than the Qigong group (48.45±1.13) at the end of the study and the difference was significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Qigong exercise improves balance better than the elderly exercise.
Article Details
How to Cite
Kusumadewi, J., Endang Ambarwati, & Tanti Ajoe K. (2023). Effect of Qigong Exercise on Balance in Healthy Elderly. Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 12(01), 70 - 80. https://doi.org/10.36803/indojpmr.v12i01.348
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Original Article
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2. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi Lanjut Usia (Lansia) di Indonesia. Infodatin Pusat
Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2016.
3. Da Costa JP, Vitorino R, Silva GM, Vogel C, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. A synopsis on aging—Theories, mechanisms and future prospects. Physiol Behav. 2017;176(1):139–48.
4. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
5. Konrad HR, Girardi M, Helfert R. Balance and aging. In: Chiu BL, Pinto JM (eds).
Aging in the United States, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America; 2018.
6. Kaesler DS, Mellifont RB, Kelly PS, Taaffe DR. A novel balance exercise program for postural stability in older adults: A pilot study. In: Nepocatych S, Ketcham C, Vallabhajosula S, Balilionis G (eds). The
effects of unstable surface balance training on postural sway, stability, functional ability and flexibility in women J Sports Med Phys Fitness; 2018. p. 27–34.
7. Davis CM. Qi Gong for Health and Healing. In: Complementary Therapies In Rehabilitation for Efficacy in Therapy, Prevention, and Wellness SLACK Incorporated; 2019. p. 53–60.
8. Chu DA. Tai Chi, Qi Gong and Reiki. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2004;15(4):773–81.
9. Chang PS, Lu Y, Nguyen CM, Suh Y, Luciani M, Ofner S, et al. Effects of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health among African Americans. West J Nurs Res. 2021
June ; 43(6): 551–562.
10. Yuen M, Ouyang XH, Miller T, Pang MY. Baduanjin Qigong Improves Balance, Leg
Strength, and Mobility in Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled
Study. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2021, 35(5):444–456.
11. Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Bujas P, Jandzis S, Omorczyk J, Zak M. Inter-gender
differences of balance indicators in persons 60-90 years of age. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 May 11;13:903-912.
12. Zhang FX, Ge SN, Dong YL, Shi J, Feng YP, Li Y, Li YQ, Li JL. Vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms: The essential players in the somatosensory systems. Prog Neurobiol. 2018 Dec;171:72-89.
13. Reimann H, Fettrow T, Thompson ED, Jeka JJ. Neural control of balance during walking. Front Physiol. 2018;9(SEP):1–13
14. Chengetanai S, Tadyanemhandu C, Chibhabha F, Kaseke F. The relationship
between weight bearing asymmetry after stroke and functional standing balance. Int J
Sci Res. 2016;6(11):52–9.
15. Bang DH, Cho HS. Effect of body awareness training on balance and walking
ability in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(1):198–201.
16. Tsaklis P V., Grooten WJA, Franzén E. Effects of weight-shift training on balance
control and weight distribution in chronic stroke: A pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2012;19(1):23–31.
17. Tamburella F, Scivoletto G, Molinari M. Somatosensory inputs by application of KinesioTaping: Effects on spasticity, balance, and gait in chronic spinal cord injury. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8(MAY):1–9.
18. Thibaut A, Chatelle C, Ziegler E, Bruno MA, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Spasticity
after stroke: Physiology, assessment and treatment. Brain Inj. 2013;27(10):1093–105.19. Arene N, Hidler J. Understanding motor impairment in the paretic lower limb after a stroke: A review of the literature. Top Stroke
Rehabil. 2009;16(5):346–56.
20. Kenyon LK, Blackinton MT. Applying motor-control theory to physical therapy practice: A case report. Physiother Canada. 2011;63(3):345–54.
21. Safarpour M, Hosseini SR, Mohamadzade M, Bijani A, Fotouhi A. Predictors of
Incidence of Fall in Elderly Women; A Six- Month Cohort Study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2018 Jul;6(3):226-232.
22. Ehrari H, Larsen RT, Langberg H, Andersen HB. Effects of Playful Exercise of Older
Adults on Balance and Physical Activity: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Popul. Ageing. 2020;13:207-222.
23. Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise
Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One.
2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255780.
24. Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, Anker SD, Aprahamian I, Arai H, Aubertin-
Leheudre M, Bernabei R, Cadore EL, Cesari M, Chen LK, de Souto Barreto P, Duque G,
Ferrucci L, Fielding RA, García-Hermoso A, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM, Harridge SDR,
Kirk B, Kritchevsky S, Landi F, Lazarus N, Martin FC, Marzetti E, Pahor M, Ramírez-Vélez R, Rodriguez-Mañas L,
Rolland Y, Ruiz JG, Theou O, Villareal DT, Waters DL, Won Won C, Woo J, Vellas B,
Fiatarone Singh M. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR):
Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(7):824-853.
25. Rezaeipour M, Apanasenko G L. Acute Improvement of Postural Steadiness
Through Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training in Sedentary Older Females,
Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud. Online ahead of Print; 7(4):e104894.
26. Xiao C, Zhuang Y, Kang Y. Effects of Wu Qin xi Qigong exercise on physical
functioning in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020 Oct;20(10):899- 903.
27. Fraser SA, Li KZ, Berryman N, Desjardins- Crépeau L, Lussier M, Vadaga K, Lehr L,
Minh Vu TT, Bosquet L, Bherer L. Does Combined Physical and Cognitive Training
Improve Dual-Task Balance and Gait Outcomes in Sedentary Older Adults? Front
Hum Neurosci. 2017 Jan 18;10:688.
28. Xiao CM, Zhuang YC. Effect of health Baduanjin Qigong for mild to moderate
Parkinson’s disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16(8):911–9.
29. Gil EM, López-Arza MVG. Systematic review about the effects of Qigong
therapeutic exercise on balance. Altern Integr Med. 2017;6(1):1000236.
30. Albert N. Pengaruh Senam Lansia terhadap Keseimbangan Tubuh Lansia di Panti
Sosial Tresna Werdha Kasih Sayang Ibu Batusangkar Tahun 2018 (Doctoral
dissertation, Universitas Andalas); 2019.
31. Martono H. Aspek Fisiologis dan Patologis Akibat Proses Menua. In: Martono H,
Panarka K, editors. Geriatri (Ilmu Kesehatan Usia Lanjut). 4th ed; 2009. p. 56–74.
32. Suroto S. Buku Pegangan Kuliah: Pengertian Senam, Manfaat Senam, dan
Urutan Gerakan. UPT Mata Kuliah Umum Olahraga UNDIP; 2004